Europe’s core industrial economies are increasingly constrained. High and volatile energy prices, dense regulatory frameworks, urban saturation, community resistance to […]

Energy markets are often analysed as abstractions: prices, curves, spreads, marginal costs. Infrastructure appears in these models as a constraint,

South-East Europe does not sit on the periphery of Europe’s energy system. It sits at its edge in a different

Energy trading was once about exploiting inefficiencies. Price differences across regions, fuels, or time horizons were treated as opportunities for

For decades, energy economics was built around capacity. Installed megawatts, pipeline diameters, storage volumes, and reserve margins were treated as

For much of the past two decades, oil was treated as a declining force in Europe’s electricity story. As power

For much of Europe’s post-liberalisation energy history, volatility was understood as a cyclical phenomenon. Prices rose and fell in response

The European Union’s progressive expansion of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is redefining industrial location strategy. No longer a

The EU’s expansion of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) into downstream manufactured goods represents a structural shift for the

The latest CBAM draft confirms what industrial and power-market analysts have long suspected: electricity is no longer a peripheral factor

As Europe accelerates its metals and materials transition, demand for specialised engineering—covering process modelling, plant automation, electrical systems, metallurgical simulation,

Europe is entering a decisive period in transforming its metals, minerals, and materials ecosystem. For decades, the continent relied on