For decades, the global mining world was structured around a familiar gravitational pull. Early capital was raised in Toronto. Explorers […]

For more than three decades, Europe behaved as if mining were something that happened somewhere else. It chose to outsource

Europe often frames its industrial vulnerability as a resource scarcity issue. Political speeches emphasise “access” to lithium, rare earths, nickel,

Europe’s core industrial economies are increasingly constrained. High and volatile energy prices, dense regulatory frameworks, urban saturation, community resistance to

Europe’s core industrial economies are increasingly constrained. High and volatile energy prices, dense regulatory frameworks, urban saturation, community resistance to

Energy markets are often analysed as abstractions: prices, curves, spreads, marginal costs. Infrastructure appears in these models as a constraint,

South-East Europe does not sit on the periphery of Europe’s energy system. It sits at its edge in a different

Energy trading was once about exploiting inefficiencies. Price differences across regions, fuels, or time horizons were treated as opportunities for

For decades, energy economics was built around capacity. Installed megawatts, pipeline diameters, storage volumes, and reserve margins were treated as

For much of the past two decades, oil was treated as a declining force in Europe’s electricity story. As power

For much of Europe’s post-liberalisation energy history, volatility was understood as a cyclical phenomenon. Prices rose and fell in response